第三类 瓷器 高古瓷二 罕见唐代青瓷堆塑荷叶莲子净壶

THE THIRD CATLOG: CERAMICS No. 2 Rare Tang Yue-Ware Celadon Pot with Lotus leave and Seeds

图一 高27公分 Fig. 1

这件唐代青瓷净壶造型及立体堆塑荷叶莲子相当精美漂亮，十分罕见。用漂亮至极来形容绝不为过，它把极为写实的中原佛教纹饰荷叶莲子堆塑与西域古朴壶造型相结合为一体，壶的造型来源于唐代西亚丝绸之路交流的影响。荷叶莲子属于典型的中原文化，与佛教信仰密切，代表净土，象征纯洁，寓意吉祥、多子多福。如此写实的精美立体荷叶莲子，在古青瓷中非常少见，是一件难得一见的唐代青瓷净壶。荷叶部分非常薄，能够保存下来实属奇迹。估计是在寺庙中得以精心呵护，如果是作为普通用器早就破损了。荷花纹饰在古青瓷上的应用从晋代开始，唐代贴花工艺也较多见，多数被博物馆收藏，这样的青瓷荷叶莲子的立体镂空堆塑造型的确罕见，因此从自己众多藏品中筛选出来共赏。

This is an extremely rare Tang celadon pot with very detailed and beautiful lotus leave and seeds by stacking up that was for Buddhism. there is no words to describe how beautiful it is. The pot style was originally from west through the silk road during Tang dynasty. The motif of lotus leave and seeds were typically from the culture of mainland China, especially associated with Buddhism by means of pure soil, pure soul, good luck, many children and blessings. It is extremely hard to see such detailed and beautiful lotus leave and seeds as real three-dimensional picture in old celadon pieces. The lotus leave was made of such thin clay with opening design and so surprised by its survive. No doubt about it should be broken if used as a common pot and very possibly it was carefully taken care as a pot for Buddhism in a temple. The motif of lotus was started from Jin dynasties on celadons and many of them were in museums now. It is hardly to see a such real three-dimensional motif of lotus leave with seeds on old celadons, especially from Tang dynasty, therefor it is one of my favor celadons (from my many collections) to how.

图二 Fig. 2

图三 Fig. 3

图四 Fig. 4

这么大的立体镂空写实的荷叶莲子的确漂亮至极，保存千年至今，实属难得。这样精细的立体堆塑肯定不会仅此一件，只是太难保存下来了。

Fig. 4. It is unbelievable to be survived for over one thousand year because of such thin clay and opening three-dimensional lotus leave. It is extremely beautiful. Absolutely not just one made, but too hard to survive as such three-dimensional thinner clay with opening design.

图五 Fig. 5

如此薄的荷叶镂空造型，红陶胎，稍微磕碰就会破碎，千年的呵护至今难以想象，有缘啊。

图六 Fig. 6 stone carving from North Wei dynasty

图七 Fig. 7

唐代长沙窑彩绘荷花纹青瓷执壶。 Changsha kiln, Tang dynasty, Shanghai Museum

图八 Fig. 8

贴花工艺相对要简单，不易破损. Hu vase. Tang dynasty

图九 Fig. 9 Yue ware, Five dynasties, Forbidden City

图十 底部显示为红陶胎。本藏品也是红陶胎。

Fig. 10 Yue ware vase, red clay, East Jin dynasty, South Korea National Museum

图十一 Fig. 11 Louvre Museum, Paris

随笔

'

开始动笔写个人博物馆收藏已两月。边写边思考，面对多年是藏品颇有感触。既然是以博物馆形式，就要有特点。藏品既要真实，经得起考验，还要突出有历史意义和价值，甚至能够填补空白、难得一见罕见文物。但凡博物馆，都有各自特点，有镇馆之宝。前面写的西周春秋青铜铭文牺擎盘和御用监造款宣德掐丝珐琅盏杯是本馆的镇馆之宝之一，作者写到后期，还会列出镇馆之宝。计划按不同品种先各写一两件，然后逐步加深。

古文物的英文翻译不太容易，也借鉴一些英文翻译和查阅字典，好些是文不达意，并非古代含义。比如“御用监造” 和“内府”，它们就是宫廷或朝廷的机构，等级不同。御用一定是皇上及皇后级别，监在这里是指特定机构，通俗说，御用监是专门为皇上宫廷打造各种用品的专门管理行政机构，“监”不是指具体个人。大英博物馆把“监” 翻译成太监不准确。要翻译准确也很难为翻译人员，必须同时具备中文英文与历史文物知识相结合才能比较准确。自己也力求准确， 错误之处，在所难免，边写边纠正。

It has been about two months since I started the writing for our own museum. I keep on thinking while I am writing and so many reminding from our many years' collections. It has to be its own features as a museum. It is not only the rarity and solid support, but also its historical sense and value that is hardly to find and may fill the absences of the Chinese art of cultures. The collections are different among the museums but always some important treasures of museum are presented by each museum. "The bronze sacrifice animal with a servant standing and holding a plate with inscriptions from West Zhou or Spring and Autumn Period" and The Xuande cloisonne cup with the "Made by Imperial Court" are among the treasures of museum in our collections. Some more of the treasures of museum will be listed later during my serial writings.

最近参观了大英博物馆和法国吉美博物馆。这两个世界收藏中国文物的顶级博物馆之一，以青铜器和瓷器著名，各有千秋。仔细观察每一件藏品，边看边思考。众多珍贵文物多来自个人家族的捐赠藏品。很多国宝级商周青铜器都来自战乱年代，基本上无从查找原始出土地点，只能估计大概区域。自己能收藏到那件西周春秋时期具有铭文的青铜牺立人擎盘一样，不可思议，可遇不可求。都说隔行如隔山，其实共性是相通的，没有绝对的专家。在顶级博物馆里，并非件件是重器，也有普品，当然也是普品中的佼佼者，具有代表性。自己在收藏过程中，也特别注重代表性。

第三类：瓷器 高古瓷 一 罕见内府铭文内府款两晋时期青瓷烛台或插器

THE THIRD CATLOG: CERAMICS EXTREMELY RARE CELADON CANDLE HOLDER OR INSERTER WITH INSCRIPTION OF IMPERIAL STOREHOUSE FROM TWO JING PERIOD

• 宋代青白釉观音 景德镇窑

瓷器收藏也是本馆藏品中重要部分。追求真实，重点突出有收藏意义，未必一定要盲目追求官窑。既收藏高古瓷器和民窑，也收藏官窑器。更重要的是靠常年锻炼的眼力和知识甄别罕见真品。先重点 介绍少见高古陶瓷，最后写重要官窑器。正计划把几件重要官窑器送世界权威机构英国牛津热释光检测中心进行检测。向大英博物馆学习，许多重要的中国瓷器都送牛津实验室作热释光检测。

Ceramics is the one of my important collections in which I focused more on historical sense, reality and rarity including old celadons and imperial porcelains. More importantly, I tried to identify the rare important items from fakes based on my years' experiences and eyesight. First of all, I will focus on the old rare celadons and following by imperial porcelains. I am planning to send several extremely rare pieces to do the thermoluminescence testing (TL test) by Oxford Authentication Ltd., the same as The British Museum did (they did all TL tests for their Chines ceramics).

No.1 第一件

十分罕见两晋时期青瓷猪型内府款烛台或插器

Extremely Rare Celadon Pig Candle Holder or Inserter With the Mark of “Imperial Storehouse" from Two Jin Dynasties

图一 青瓷猪型烛台（插器） 16 x 10 x 7 cm

图二 内府款，篆体。符合两晋时期铭文，接近汉代

初看，这是一件不起眼的猪型青瓷。仔细研究，才发现这是一件非常罕见的两晋时期的猪型烛台（或插器），也是目前唯一的一件猪型烛台。更为罕见的是其刻有”内府“铭文，它是陶瓷史上有”内府“款年代最早的一件实物。一般认为有内府款瓷器最早到宋代，但未见实物，目前见到内府款瓷器实物最早到元代，大多被各大博物馆收藏。这件青瓷猪型烛台实物证明”内府“款早已经出现在两晋时期。

青瓷动物造型烛台流行于魏晋时代，主要以羊型、狮型及熊型多见，罕见猴型。基本上都收藏在博物馆。猪型是目前唯一一件，属于稀有。其实中国先民是非常崇拜猪，五千年前的玉猪龙是龙的雏形，属于中华瑰宝，商周青铜器也有猪尊造型。

内府一词泛指朝廷或亲王一级内务机构，而非民间可及，西周已有内府之称。目前能见到的最早实物是西汉中山靖王墓出土青铜器上刻有”中山内府“。

该猪型青瓷烛台实属罕见，可以看作一件孤品，其有四个罕见原因。第一，唯一一件两晋时期猪型青瓷烛台；第二， 唯一一件有铭文内府款的青瓷烛台；第三，唯一一件内府款陶瓷年代最早的实物；第四，唯一一件以篆体刻的内府二字，符合当时的文字形式。而目前看到的元明时期的内府款均是宋体。以上四个因素没有第二件。

It looks like a common celadon pig at the first glance at it. However, it caught my big attention by its appearance and inscriptions. I realized this is an extremely rare celadon pig candle holder from Two Jin Dynasty, especially the mark of "Imperial Storehouse" that is the only one shown on celadon candle holder and the oldest mark of "Imperial Storehouse" on ceramics after seriously studies. Generally, people believe the earliest mark of "Imperial Storehouse" on ceramics was from Song Dynasty but no real item found. We can see the earliest items were from Yuan and Ming Dynasties and most of them are in big museums. This piece I collected demonstrates the earliest mark of "Imperial Storehouse" on ceramics is from Two Jin Dynasties.

The celadon animal candle holders were popular during Two Jin period and the most of them were ships, lions and some bears, and extremely rare monkey (only one found). Most of them are in museums. The celadon pig candle holder (or inserter) I collected is the only piece found so far and extremely rare. Actually, pig as a dragon god was respected by antient Chinese people 5000 years ago. The "Jade pig dragon“ as the Chines treasure was the sample of beginner of dragons.

Generally, the mark of "Imperial Storehouse" stands for the system controlled by imperial officers, instead of common people. The literature from Zhou Dynasty have mentioned the "Imperial storehouse" and the oldest sample shown the "Imperial storehouse" were on the bronze items unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan Prince Jingwang of West Han Dynasty.

This piece is extremely rare and no more second one found because of four facts: 1). only one of the pig celadon candle holder (or inserter) from Two Jin Dynasties; 2). only one with the mark of "Imperial Storehouse" on celadon candle holders (or inserter); 3). only one shown the earliest mark of "Imperial Storehouse" in Chinese ceramics history; 4). only one with the "seal script" mark that is very important to match the character style during Two Jin Dynasties (all marks of "Imperial Storehouse" we have seen in the museums are Song style because they were from Yuan or Ming dynasties). No second one could match above facts.

图三

图四 底部

图五 各博物馆藏品

图六 故宫博物院展品

图七 罕见猴型青瓷插器， 头顶有一小插口

图八 对比西汉中山靖王墓出土铜器铭文， 二者都是篆体款， 符合汉晋时期铭文

图九

图十

图十一

图十二

图九至图十二是被各大博物馆收藏的 “内府”款瓷器，都是元代或明代的，都是宋体款。全世界内府款瓷器大概10余件左右，台北故宫有一件，山东博物馆有一件， 还有两件拍卖品，私人收藏的很少。作者收藏的这件青瓷猪型内府款烛台（或插器) 是有确切内府款年代最早的陶瓷器，非常罕有，重在历史意义。

Fig. 9 to Fig. 12 show most important porcelains with the marks of "Imperial Storehouse" collected by famous museums in which they are all from Yuan or Ming Dynasties. All marks are Song style characters. Probably there are about a little bit over ten pieces in the world, including one in Taibei Palace Museum, one in Shandong Museum and other two pieces from auctions. Very few are collected by private collectors. The one I collected is the earliest mark of "Imperial Storehouse" on Chinese ceramics, extremely rare and a historical sample.

猪在中国先民5000多年前的红山文化时期被供奉为龙，出土不少玉猪龙，已经是最早龙的雏形。商周时期也继续右青铜猪尊。到了两晋时期选用青瓷猪型插器作为”内府“用器就不足为奇了。